![]() ![]() They have the lowest frequency and severity of violence and rarely engage in violence outside of the family structure. Holtzworth-Munroe & Gregory Stuart reviewed data from over 15 studies related to types of batterers, and developed three overarching abuser types based on the severity and frequency of IPV, the generality of violence (extrafamilial or intrafamilial) and the perpetrator's psychopathology or personality disorder:įamily Only: FO batterers represent about fifty percent of batterers. Research at her lab focuses on “families experiencing separation or divorce, particularly those families who have a history of intimate partner violence and abuse.” Mutual Violent Resistance describes dynamics in which both partners exhibit behavior consistent with that of an intimate terrorist type, utilizing violence to attempt to control the other.Īmy Holtzworth-Munroe is a professor of Clinical Psychology at Indiana University Bloomington, where she teaches and manages the Holtzworth-Munroe Family Relationship Lab. With this type of domestic violence, the violent episode may be a one time event or could become a recurring problem in the relationship. It involves partners who are characteristically controlling or violent, but when they disagree, tensions escalate and and things can become violent. Situational Couple Violence is, for lack of a better term, more run of the mill domestic violence. The victim is not controlling, only using violence in retaliation or as a coping mechanism to manage the coercive control they experience. Violent Resistance typically involves a violent and controlling abuser and a victim who responds to their partner’s intimate terrorism by resistance via violence. The other forms of domestic violence Johnson identifies are as follows: He argues that the Pitbulls and Cobras Gottman identified are best understood as sub-types of I ntimate Terrorists. Intimate Terrorism, according to Johnson’s research, is a distinct form of domestic violence that differs from other forms of domestic violence because the abuser is both extremely violent and controlling, while the abused partner is neither. Johnson, Emeritus Professor of Sociology, Women's Studies, and African and African American Studies at Penn State and author of A Typology of Domestic Violence: Intimate Terrorism, Violent Resistance, and Situational Couple Violence, builds on Gottman’s Pitbull and C obra types, subsuming them to sub-types of what he calls Intimate Terrorism. like stalking romanticized as simple persistence). It is important to note that while Cobras might employ more strategy, both types can be controlling and both can benefit from a society that upholds male dominance (e.g. This New York Times article by Gottman provides further detail on the two types his research identified. Cobras, on the other hand, demonstrate more of an anti-social temperament and correspondingly have more issues with institutions. Pitbulls often only have trouble inside the home. ![]() The Pitbulls are seen as more anxious, dependent, and have issues with emotion regulation (not able to control their anger). Gottman also found that these two types of abusers engaged in different patterns of behavior and seemed to have different types of pathology. The more bullish abusers who lack the ability to control their anger or emotion are what he labels Pitbulls, while those who remain calm with little to no physiological response to situations most would deem to be upsetting, are labeled Cobras. Gottman shared his research regarding men who abuse their partners in When Men Batter Women, presenting the startling discovery that while some men became very heated in an argument (as most of us can relate to), others stayed disturbingly cool and calm. Gottman’s research utilizes physiological data (measuring heart rate, sweat, etc.) in combination with observations of interactions with real life couples. John Gottman is a professor of psychology known for his work on stability in lasting relationships and relationship analysis through scientific, direct observations of couples in his Love Lab at the University of Illinois. You can review the most simple typology (two types) at the beginning, the post becoming more detailed as it concludes with types drawn from a review of 15 studies of abuser types, which cluster into three categories. This post is to provide an overview of male abuser types. ![]()
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